《Nature Genetics》:我國科學家成功克隆一個水
時間:2010-09-20 00:00
來源:
【字體:大中小】
我國科學家在新一期英國《自然·遺傳學》雜誌上發表題為“Regulation of OsSPL14 by OsmiR156 defines ideal plant architecture in rice”的論文說,他們成功克隆了一個可幫助水稻增產的關鍵基因,該基因能使水稻向稈壯穗大的理想株型發展,在高產育種中具有重要應用前景。
中國科學院遺傳與發育生物學研究所李家洋院士和中國農業科學院中國水稻研究所錢前研究員等組成的科研團隊取得了這一突破性進展。李家洋院士介紹說,研究小組在中國農業部、科技部和國家自然科學基金委等部門的大力支持下,經過數年的協作與攻關,成功克隆了控製水稻理想株型的關鍵多效基因IPA1。
理想株型是當前國內外超級稻研究中的一個核心領域,即通過改變水稻在分蘖、莖稈、穗粒等方麵的結構特點,提高水稻產量。研究小組發現,基因IPA1發生突變後,會使水稻分蘖數減少,穗粒數和千粒重(以克表示的一千粒種子的重量)增加,同時莖稈變得粗壯,增加了抗倒伏能力。實驗顯示,將突變後的基因導入常規水稻品種,可以使其產量增加10%以上。
英國《自然》出版集團在新聞通報中評價說,到2050年全球糧食產量需要翻倍才能滿足日益增長的人口對糧食的需要,對包括本次成果在內的水稻增產基因的確認和利用將成為解決糧食問題的重要途徑。
論文摘要:
Increasing crop yield is a major challenge for modern agriculture. The development of new plant types, which is known as ideal plant architecture (IPA), has been proposed as a means to enhance rice yield potential over that of existing high-yield varieties1, 2. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a semidominant quantitative trait locus, IPA1 (Ideal Plant Architecture 1), which profoundly changes rice plant architecture and substantially enhances rice grain yield. The IPA1 quantitative trait locus encodes OsSPL14 (SOUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14) and is regulated by microRNA (miRNA) OsmiR156 in vivo. We demonstrate that a point mutation in OsSPL14 perturbs OsmiR156-directed regulation of OsSPL14, generating an 'ideal' rice plant with a reduced tiller number, increased lodging resistance and enhanced grain yield. Our study suggests that OsSPL14 may help improve rice grain yield by facilitating the breeding of new elite rice varieties.